Optimized Biocatalytic Synthesis of 2-Selenopyrimidine Nucleosides by Transglycosylation**

Selenium-modified nucleosides are powerful tools to study the structure and function of nucleic acids and their protein interactions. The widespread application of 2-selenopyrimidine nucleosides is currently limited by low yields in established synthetic routes. Herein, we describe the optimization of the synthesis of 2-Se-uridine and 2-Se-thymidine derivatives by thermostable nucleoside phosphorylases in transglycosylation reactions using natural uridine or thymidine as sugar donors. Reactions were performed at 60 or 80 °C and at pH 9 under hypoxic conditions to improve the solubility and stability of the 2-Se-nucleobases in aqueous media. To optimize the conversion, the reaction equilibria in analytical transglycosylation reactions were studied. The equilibrium constants of phosphorolysis of the 2-Se-pyrimidines were between 5 and 10, and therefore differ by an order of magnitude from the equilibrium constants of any other known case. Hence, the thermodynamic properties of the target nucleosides are inherently unfavorable, and this complicates their synthesis significantly. A tenfold excess of sugar donor was needed to achieve 40−48 % conversion to the target nucleoside. Scale-up of the optimized conditions provided four Se-containing nucleosides in 6–40 % isolated yield, which compares favorably to established chemical routes.     

乙烯、丙烯中微量水含量的分析

采用便携式微量水分析仪和库仑法微量水分析仪测定了乙烯、丙烯试样中的微量水含量,对试样的传输系统、进样量的控制、液体试样的气化和水标准气体的制备方法进行了改进,优化了测试条件。以低吸附惰性管线和小死体积单进单出的不锈钢减压器为试样传输系统,缩短了测试时间。采用液态烃闪蒸气化取样进样器气化液体试样并准确控制试样的进样量,可避免液体试样渐次气化对水含量测定结果的影响及对采样钢瓶大小的限制。采用渗透管发生器制备水标准气体,可验证分析结果的准确度。采用库仑法微量水分析仪测定水含量时,试样流量选择600 m L/min较适宜,开封保存15 d之内的卡尔·费休试剂对测定结果无影响。采用便携式微量水分析仪测定水含量时,选择试样流量在400~800 m L/min之间较适宜。两种仪器的测量结果相近,稳定性好,准确度高,回收率在102%~107%之间,相对偏差小于10%。     

Biofortification with selenium and lithium improves nutraceutical properties of major winery grapes in the Midwestern United States

Enriching the micronutrients, selenium (Se) and lithium (Li), in grapes to improve their nutraceutical properties were implemented by foliar application of organic fertiliser rich in Se and Li onto five grape cultivars. The effects of this biofortification on vine vigour, fruit quality, overall micronutrients and phenolic compounds also were investigated. Agronomic biofortification was found greatly increased the Se and Li content in the whole grape by multiple times, meanwhile it did not significantly affect the vine vigour and fruit quality of grapes. However, the biofortification did impact the Ionome (including all the mineral nutrients and trace elements) and phenolic compounds in grapes and this varied among cultivars. This study demonstrated foliar spray of organic Se/Li fertiliser was a very effective strategy to biofortify these micronutrients in grape berries, particularly in the skin, and therefore might be a promising strategy to increase the consumption and awareness of these grapes.     

Evaluation of microbial toxins,trace elements and sensory properties of a high-theabrownins instant Pu-erh tea produced using Aspergillus tubingensis via submerged fermentation

Theabrownins (TB) are polymeric phenolic compounds associated with the multiple bioactivities of Pu-erh tea, a post-fermented Chinese dark tea. High-TB instant Pu-erh tea was produced via a novel submerged fermentation (SF) using Aspergillus tubingensis and compared with samples produced commercially via the conventional solid-state fermentation (SSF). Viable microorganisms and microbial toxins, especially aflatoxins B₁, G₁, B₂, G₂, cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisins B₁, B₂, B₃ and ochratoxin A, were below the detection limit in all samples. Fewer microbial metabolites were found in SF instant tea compared with the SSF teas. Based on an adult consuming 1 g of instant Pu-erh tea daily, the dietary intake of investigated elements was below the safe limits recommended by various authorities. Tasters viewed the instant tea infusions as very mild, smooth, mellow and full. This suggested that submerged fermentation using A. tubingensis offers a speedy and safe alternative to commercial production of instant Pu-erh tea.     

非线性扩频序列的三项式特性

讨论了三类非线性扩频序列(GMW序列、No序列和Kasami序列)的三项式特性，利用这三类序列的迹表示，证明了GMW序列、No序列和Kasami序列均具有正则三项式对。     

地震平衡技术及其在地震反演中的应用

地震平衡技术是一种在地震反演中改善井震关系的新技术。它通过单井对比、空间分形建模以及平衡处理的手段 ,克服地震反演中子波空变的影响 ,使得经过地震平衡技术处理的地震剖面井震关系得到较好改善 ,从而可以用统一的子波对研究区的地震资料进行反演     

自由曲面五坐标数控加工干涉检查

提出了一种新方法，用于环刀五坐标数控加工的干涉检查。该方法将干涉检查分为刀轴及侧刃干涉检查和端面干涉检查。首先将加工曲面分片，选取合适的初始点。然后利用自由曲面的微分特性，确定跟踪方向和步长，迅速计算出工件和刀具的最短距离，从而判断是否发生干涉。实验仿真表明，达到同样精度时，该算法计算效率远高于常规的三角面片法。     

无机复合微量元素肥料（FTE）的合成及其应用效果研究

重点研究了无机复合微肥（简称ＦＥＴ）的合成条件及生成规律，并详细探讨了组成、工艺对ＦＴＥ微肥的主要技术指标——枸溶性的影响。同时，介绍了粮、棉、果、菜等各类农作物施用ＦＴＥ后取得的显著效果，为ＦＥＴ在作物上大面积推广应用提供了理论和实践依据。     

三维施工中SN388炮点表的设置

本文提供了SN388在三维施工中炮点表的几种设置方法，并进行了相应的对比说明，最后给出了改进炮点表设置的有关设想。     

正交设计法优选麻叶千里光碱溶态中硒提取工艺的研究

利用正交设计法优选麻叶千里光碱溶态中硒提取工艺。首先,选用不同溶剂提取麻叶千里光,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定各种形态中硒元素的含量,然后,用超声波—微波协同提取麻叶千里光碱溶态中硒,正交实验确定麻叶千里光碱溶态中硒的最佳提取条件.结果不同溶剂提取麻叶千里光时得:碱溶态(23.10μg/g)>盐溶态(17.20μg/g)>水溶态(14.60μg/g)>醇溶态(13.83μg/g)>醚溶态(10.60μg/g)>四氯化碳溶态(6.03μg/g);相对标准偏差在0.29%—1.96%间;加标回收率在98.24%—105.1%间.根据正交实验,通过极差分析:A>D>B>C;优方案为A_2D_3B_4C_2,即麻叶千里光中的硒在碱浓度为0.25 mol/L,料液比为1:20,提取功率为200 W,提取时间为180s时提取效果最好.